Imashini yo gusukura n'ugutuma imashini yo kwumisha
Igikoresho co gusukura n’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma ni igikoresho gikoreshwa n’ivyuma gishiramwo ibikorwa nk’ivy’ugusukura amazi n’ugusukura umuyaga ushushe. Imashini y’ugusukura gazi n’ugutuma imashini yumye (imashini y’ugusukura gazi y’umuyagankuba) ikoreshwa cane cane mu gusukura no kwumisha - ibikoresho vy’ugutera gaze, ibikoresho vyo guhumeka, n’ibindi. Ni ibikoresho nyamukuru biri mu bibanza vyo gusuzuma ivyuma vy’amazi, ibikoresho vyo kwuzuza amazi, amahinguriro y’ibikoresho vy’umuriro n’ahandi.
Iciyumviro c’uguhingura imashini y’ugusukura n’ugutuma imashini ihuriweko (irengeye - ingufu y’umuyagankuba) ni: ubuhinga bwo gukora, ubushobozi bwinshi, kubungabunga inguvu n’uburinzi bw’ibidukikije, umutekano n’ukwizigirwa. Bituma isuku ryo mu mutima ry’ibikoresho vy’amazi bihuye n’ingingo mfatirwako zo kwuzuza kandi bikakuraho ingorane z’uguhumanya n’umutekano ziterwa n’ubuhumane n’ubukonje.
I. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo gusukura imashini y’ugusukura n’uguyuma
Imashini y’ugusukura n’ugutuma imashini y’ugusukura (ihema{0}}
1. Uburyo bw'imiterere
Ivyatsi n’ibipfukisho: Kumenya neza ko imiterere yose ari ikomeye, gusenyuka- guhangana n’ibintu kandi vyoroshe gusukura.
Uburyo bwo gutera ivyatsi n’uguhindukiza: Ifata ibikoresho vy’amazi, bishobora gutuma umuyagankuba w’ibintu bitandukanye ushobora guhindura (nk’ibipimo rusangi kuva kuri 7L gushika kuri 100L, n’uburebure n’uburebure bishobora guhindurwa). Ico gikoresho gituma iyo gazi izunguruka kugira ngo ihindure degre 90, kugira ngo ntihagire imfuruka zipfuye mu gihe co gusukura no kwumisha.
Icumba co gusukura/icyuma: Icumba c’ibikorwa c’igice c’umubiri cakoreshejwe mu kwakira uburyo bwo gusukura no kwumisha, bikaba bibuza gusohoka kw’umwotsi w’amazi n’ubushuhe.
2. Sukura urutonde
Ipompa y’amazi y’amazi: Itanga uruja n’uruza rw’amazi rurerure.
Gatatu - ukuboko kw’ibipfukisho canke inkoni yo gutera imiti y’ibinyabiziga: igice c’isuku. Igihe ukuboko kw’icupa kw’icupa ryizunguruka ku nzira yaryo bwite, rikaja mu cupa ry’icupa. High- Amazi y’ugukanda arakurwa mu bihimba vy’umubiri vyateguwe mu buryo budasanzwe, akagira amafilime- ashushanya canke azunguruka amazi azunguruka, ivyo bikaba vyari bikurura neza kandi bishitse ku ruhome rw’icupa ata n’imwe y’impumyi. Ico kigereranyo giteye imbere gifata inkoni y’ivyuma vy’ivyuma, ishobora guhura n’uburebure butandukanye bw’amacupa.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha amazi: Umuyoboro urafise akayunguruzo gashobora gufata ibintu vyinshi bihumanya ibihimba vy’umubiri, bikaba bikingira ipompo y’amazi n’ibihimba vy’umubiri.
Igikoresho co kwongereza ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho (optional) : Yongerako ibikoresho vy’isuku bidasanzwe ku bidukikije kugira ngo bivome mu rugero.
3. Uburyo bwo gutwara (budasanzwe
Amazi asukuye/itangi ry’amazi asukuye: Amabuye asukuye canke amazi afise iyoni kugira ngo asukure kugira ngo ntihagire ibisigarira biheze.
Amapompo y’amazi yigenga n’imiyoboro: Gutandukanya uburyo bwo gusukura kugira ngo ntube umusaraba-
Igikoresho co gusukura: Ikoresha ubuhinga bwo gusukura busa n’ubw’uburyo bwo gusukura kugira ngo imesa neza amazi y’isuku n’ibihumanya mu cupa.
4. Uburyo bwo kwuma
Hejuru - ibikoresho vy’umuyaga: Kenshi bikozwe mu bikoresho vy’ugushushanya vy’ivyuma bitagira ibara, bifise ubushobozi bwinshi n’ubushuhe bwihuta.
High- Igikoresho co gupfusha: Ifuha cane -iretse kandi nini - umuyaga ushyushe mu cupa.
High- akayunguruzo k’ubushobozi (HEPA) : Icungururira umuyaga ushyushe yoherezwa kugira ngo umuyaga winjire mu cupa usukuye kandi usukure - ataco uhinduye.
Umuyoboro w’umuyaga ushushe n’umuyoboro w’umuyaga: Niwinjize neza mu cupa.
Uburyo bwo gukuraho amazi: Ifise abakunzi b’ivyuma canke ibikoresho vyo gutera amazi, iyo vapor y’amazi yahindutse umwuka irasohoka vuba cane mu cumba c’akazi, ivyo bikaba bituma ubushobozi bwo kwumisha butera imbere cane.
5. Uburyo bwo kugenzura ubwaguke
PLC (Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro) : Ubwonko bw’ibikoresho, bubika porogarama zitandukanye zo gusukura no kwumisha kandi bugacungera igihe n’ubwenge bw’ivyo bikorwa vyose.
Umuntu-bandamakine (Igicapo c'ugukorako HMI) : Abakoresha barashobora guhitamwo porogarama mu buryo bworoshe, gushinga ibipimo (nk'igihe n'ubushuhe), gukurikirana uko bikora no gutanga inkengeri z'amakosa biciye ku gicapo c'ibara.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha: harimwo n’ibimenyetso vy’urugero rw’amazi (anta-dry-ing), ibimenyetso vy’ubushuhe, ibikoresho vy’imbere, n’ibindi, kugira ngo ibikoresho bikore neza kandi vyikoresha.
6. Inzira z'inzira n'inzira y'impwemu
Amapipe, amavalve n’amapompo y’amazi: Bihingura uburyo bwo gukoresha amazi yuzuye.
Ibikoresho vy’ibintu: Ivyuma vy’ivyuma, ivyuma vy’ivyuma, n’ibindi kugira ngo bikore ibikorwa.
Ii. Ibiraro vy'ibikorwa vy'ubuhinga bwa none vy'Imashini y'Imashini n'Ivyuma
1. Ikora neza
Imwe mu nzira z’ugutangura: Umukoresha akeneye gusa gufatanya igicapo ca gazi, uhitemwo porogarama ihuye, hanyuma ukande kuri buto yo gutangura. Ivyo vyose bikurikira (gusukura - ugucapura - bizoheza biheze ata nkenerwa yo gufasha amaboko.
Bika igikorwa: Umuntu umwe gusa ni we akenewe kugira ngo akoreshe imashini imwe, ishobora gukora imashini nyinshi z’amazi icarimwe (- uburyo bwo gukora), kandi ubushobozi bwayo burarenga kure cane ubw’ugusukura amaboko.
2. Ingaruka nziza cane zo gusukura no kwumisha
Gusukura neza ata mabara: Uburyo bwo gutera imiti buzunguruka bw’imbere mu nzu buratuma igice cose kiri imbere mu cupa kiyozwa neza, kigatanga ibisubizo bihuye kandi vyizewe.
Guca mu cupa, uruja n’uruza rwinshi rw’umuyaga ushushe rurahuhuta mu cupa, rufatanijwe n’uguzunguruka kw’icylindre n’uburyo bwo gukuraho ubukonje, ivyo bikaba bishobora kwumisha burundu icupa riri imbere mu minota mikeyi (kenshi mu minota mikeyi gushika ku minota mirongo), nta mabara y’amazi asigarana n’ibindi, bihuriza hamwe igisabwa co kwuzuza “ata n’ibara ryera”.
3. Umutekano mwinshi n'ukwizigirwa
Uburinzi bwinshi bw’umutekano: Ifise uburinzi bwo gusha kwumye bwo gushusha, uburinzi bw’umuzigo, uburinzi bw’amazi, uburinzi bw’ugukingira urugi, n’ibindi, kugira ngo abakozi n’ibikoresho bikingire.
Istable kandi igumaho: Ibikoresho nyamukuru (nk’ivyo PLC, pompe y’amazi, n’umuyaga) bifata neza- ubuhinga bwo gukora, n’imiterere y’ivyuma bitagira ibara. Ivyo bikoresho birafise urugero ruto ruto n’ubuzima buramba.
4. Ugukingira inguvu n'uburinzi bw'ibidukikije
Gusubira gukoresha amazi: Amazi akoreshwa mu gusukura no gusukura akenshi akoreshwa mu gusubira gukoresha no kuyungurura, ivyo bikaba bigabanya cane amazi akoreshwa.
Ikoreshwa ry’inguvu z’ubushuhe: Gukoresha neza ivyuma bigabanya ubushuhe.
Igikoresho co gusukura ibidukikije: Ibintu bidasanzwe vyo gusukura ibidukikije bishobora gusenyuka bishobora gusenyuka birashobora gukoreshwa mu kugabanya umukazo wo gusukura amazi mabi.
5. Uguhinduranya n'ugukurikirana (Ihitamwo)
Porogarama ishobora guhindurwa: Dushingiye ku rugero rw’umwanda w’ivyuma vy’amazi, ibipimo nk’igihe co gusukura, ubushuhe bwo kwuma n’igihe umuntu amara ashobora guhindurwa.
Gufata amakuru (guhitamwo) : Ico kigereranyo giteye imbere gishobora guhuzwa n’icapa canke ubuhinga bwa MES kugira ngo umuntu yandike amakuru yo gusukura no kwumisha umunyu wose (igihe, umukoresha, n’ibindi), bihuye n’ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gukurikirana uburyo.
